He completed the traditional cursus honorum, becoming consul in 89 BC, and acquired a reputation for greed, political duplicity, and military ruthlessness. Although the dominant family in Picenum, Strabo was the first of his branch to achieve senatorial status in Rome. Pompey was born in Picenum on 29 September 106 BC, eldest son of a provincial noble called Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo. Pompey was defeated at the Battle of Pharsalus in 48 BC, and he sought refuge in Ptolemaic Egypt, where he was assassinated by the courtiers of Ptolemy XIII.Įarly life and career Reputed statue of Pompey, now held at the Villa Arconati, Bollate, brought from Rome in 1627 by Galeazzo Arconati Pompey and Caesar then began contending for leadership of the Roman state in its entirety, eventually leading to Caesar's Civil War. After the deaths of Julia and Crassus (in 54 and 53 BC), Pompey switched to the political faction known as the optimates-a conservative faction of the Roman Senate. In 60 BC, Pompey joined Crassus and Caesar in the informal political alliance known as the First Triumvirate, cemented by Pompey's marriage with Caesar's daughter, Julia. His adversaries gave him the nickname adulescentulus carnifex ("teenage butcher") for his ruthlessness. Pompey's early success earned him the cognomen Magnus – "the Great" – after his boyhood hero Alexander the Great. He celebrated three Roman triumphs, served as a commander in the Sertorian War, the Third Servile War, the Third Mithridatic War, and in various other military campaigns. He was elected as Roman consul on three occasions (70, 55, 52 BC). Pompey's success as a general while young enabled him to advance directly to his first Roman consulship without following the traditional cursus honorum (the required steps to advance in a political career). He rose to prominence serving the dictator Sulla as a commander in the civil war of 83–82 BC.
Early in his career, he was a partisan and protégé of the Roman general and dictator Sulla later, he became the political ally, and finally the enemy, of Julius Caesar.Ī member of the senatorial nobility, Pompey entered into a military career while still young. He played a significant role in the transformation of Rome from republic to empire. Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus ( Latin: 29 September 106 BC – 28 September 48 BC), known in English as Pompey / ˈ p ɒ m p iː/ or Pompey the Great, was a Roman general and statesman.
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